Intelligent sensor is a sensor with information processing function. The intelligent sensor has a microprocessor, which has the ability to collect, process and exchange information. It is the product of the combination of sensor integration and microprocessor. Compared with general sensors, smart sensors have the following three advantages: high-precision information collection can be achieved through software technology, and the cost is low; it has certain programming automation capabilities; and its functions are diversified.
1. How Smart Sensors Work
Smart sensors work by converting tiny changes in various measured signal quantities into electrical signals. Subsequently, the signal processing unit converts it into a digital or analog signal and hands it to an executive program for processing.
Smart sensors can store various physical quantities detected and process these data as instructed to create new data. Intelligent sensors can exchange information, and can self-determine the data that should be transmitted, discard abnormal data, and complete analysis and statistical calculations.
2. Composition of smart sensors
Smart sensors are mainly composed of sensors, microcontrollers (or microcomputers) and related circuits.
3. Features of Smart Sensors
1. Improve the accuracy of the sensor
The intelligent sensor has the function of information processing, and the software can not only correct various deterministic system errors (such as nonlinear error of sensor input and output, service error, zero point error, forward and reverse stroke error, etc.), but also can properly compensate for random errors. error, reduce noise, and greatly improve the accuracy of the sensor.
2. Improve the reliability of the sensor
The miniaturization of the integrated sensor system eliminates some unreliable factors of the traditional structure and improves the anti-interference performance of the whole system; at the same time, it also has the functions of diagnosis, calibration and data storage (and adaptive function for the intelligent structure system), with good stability.
3. Improve the cost performance of the sensor
Under the requirements of the same precision, the multi-functional intelligent sensor has a significantly improved performance-price ratio compared with a single-function ordinary sensor, especially when a cheaper single-chip microcomputer is used.
4. Facilitates the multi-function of the sensor
The intelligent sensor can realize multi-sensor and multi-parameter comprehensive measurement, and expand the measurement and use range through programming; it has a certain self-adaptive ability, according to the change of the detection object or conditions, the form of the range and inverse output data is correspondingly changed; it has the function of digital communication interface , directly sent to the remote computer for processing; with a variety of data output forms (such as Rs232 serial output, PIO parallel output, IEE-488 bus output and analog output after D/A conversion, etc.), suitable for each an application system.
4. Application areas of smart sensors
Smart sensors have been widely used in various fields such as aerospace, aviation, national defense, science and technology, and industrial and agricultural production. For example, it has broad application prospects in the field of robotics. Intelligent sensors enable robots to have human-like facial features and brain functions, and can perceive various phenomena and complete various actions.
In industrial production, some product quality indicators (such as viscosity, hardness, surface finish, composition, color and taste, etc.) cannot be quickly and directly measured and controlled online using traditional sensors. The use of intelligent sensors can directly measure certain quantities (such as temperature, pressure, flow, etc.) in the production process that are functionally related to product quality indicators, and use the mathematical model established by neural network or expert system technology to calculate, infer the product the quality of.
